1. Borneo Utara - W.K.H. Jones
2. Sarawak - P.E.H. Pike
Analisis dan Implikasi
Kesimpulan
Sebagai kesimpulan, W.K.H. Jones (Peguam Negara Borneo
Utara) dan P.E.H. Pike (Peguam Negara Sarawak) mempunyai kapasiti undang-undang
untuk menandatangani Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 kerana peranan mereka sebagai
pegawai undang-undang utama yang dilantik oleh kerajaan kolonial British.
Namun, kapasiti undang-undang mereka terutamanya mewakili kepentingan British
dan bukannya aspirasi penduduk tempatan. Ini menonjolkan kritikan utama
terhadap MA63: bahawa perjanjian itu ditandatangani tanpa representasi yang sebenar
dan demokratik dari Borneo Utara dan Sarawak, sekaligus menimbulkan persoalan
mengenai kesahihan dan keadilan persekutuan dari perspektif wilayah-wilayah
ini.
Dengan pertimbangan ini,
perjuangan berterusan Sabah untuk memisahkan diri dari Malaysia dan menubuhkan
sebuah Republik Sabah North Borneo mendapat asas yang kukuh dalam konteks
sejarah dan undang-undang. Laluan Sabah untuk disertakan dalam Malaysia penuh
dengan ketidakteraturan prosedur dan representasi yang dipersoalkan, yang
mendorong pergerakan untuk penentuan nasib sendiri dan kemerdekaan pada zaman
moden ini.
Kapasiti Undang-Undang dan
Representasi: Pengaruh Kolonial British
Kekurangan mandat demokratik
tempatan ini amat ketara dalam konteks undang-undang antarabangsa. Resolusi
1514 dan 1541 Perhimpunan Agung PBB, yang diluluskan pada tahun 1960,
menetapkan hak semua wilayah kolonial untuk menentukan nasib sendiri, dengan menekankan
bahawa keputusan seperti itu mesti mencerminkan kehendak sebenar rakyat. Walau
bagaimanapun, dengan melantik pegawai kolonial British sebagai penandatangan,
Britain telah memintas prinsip ini, dan pada hakikatnya mengecualikan penduduk
Borneo Utara dan Sarawak daripada suara yang bermakna dalam masa depan politik
mereka.
Undang-Undang Antarabangsa dan
Resolusi PBB Mengenai Penentuan Nasib Sendiri
Resolusi 1514 Perhimpunan
Agung PBB (1960)—Deklarasi Mengenai Pemberian Kemerdekaan kepada Negara dan
Rakyat Kolonial—menyatakan bahawa proses dekolonisasi mesti menghormati hak
semua rakyat untuk menentukan nasib sendiri, bebas daripada "penaklukan
asing, dominasi, dan eksploitasi." Resolusi ini bertujuan untuk menghalang
jenis pemaksaan dari atas ke bawah yang berlaku dalam MA63 bagi Borneo Utara
dan Sarawak.
Resolusi 1541 Perhimpunan
Agung PBB (1960) menguatkan lagi hal ini dengan menghendaki adanya
"ungkapan kehendak rakyat yang tulen" dalam hal-hal status politik.
Menurut Prinsip IX resolusi ini, pilihan masa depan politik bagi wilayah bukan
pemerintahan sendiri sepatutnya dibuat oleh wakil yang dipilih secara bebas
oleh rakyat atau melalui mekanisme demokrasi seperti referendum. Dalam kes
MA63, prinsip ini tidak dipenuhi; pegawai kolonial yang dilantik menjadi
penandatangan bagi pihak Borneo Utara dan Sarawak, bukannya wakil yang dipilih
rakyat. Penduduk wilayah ini diketepikan, dengan keputusan mengenai masa depan
politik mereka dibuat oleh pegawai British dan bukannya mereka sendiri.
Kegagalan untuk memastikan
representasi yang autentik dan mematuhi prinsip penentuan nasib sendiri telah
memberikan kesan mendalam terhadap kesahan MA63, dan telah mencetuskan rasa
tidak puas hati dan ketidakadilan dalam kalangan rakyat Sabah dan Sarawak.
Persekutuan Sekadar Nama:
Kelanjutan Dinamika Kolonial
Terma MA63 nampaknya memihak
kepada Tanah Melayu, meletakkannya di pusat persekutuan baru sambil mengehadkan
autonomi Borneo Utara dan Sarawak. Walaupun terdapat janji untuk melindungi hak
dan autonomi wilayah-wilayah ini, MA63 menumpukan kuasa di dalam kerajaan
persekutuan, dengan pengaruh yang besar dari Tanah Melayu. Daripada pertahanan
kepada pengaturan kewangan dan dasar imigresen, perjanjian itu mencipta
struktur yang membolehkan Tanah Melayu menguasai bidang utama di Sabah dan
Sarawak.
Kekurangan perundingan bermakna
dan penyertaan demokratik dalam perjanjian ini menguatkan persepsi bahawa MA63
hanya memudahkan perpindahan kuasa kolonial, meletakkan Sabah dan Sarawak di
bawah kuasa Malaya dan bukannya membentuk persekutuan rakan sekutu yang sama
rata. Bagi ramai di Sabah, persepsi ini selaras dengan konsep “penjajahan
dalaman,” di mana kawalan beralih dari British ke Malaya tanpa memberikan Sabah
kebebasan sebenar atau representasi yang sah.
Justifikasi untuk Pergerakan
Kemerdekaan: Penubuhan Republik Sabah North Borneo
Dalam konteks kelemahan prosedur
dan representasi ini, pergerakan kemerdekaan Sabah, termasuk usaha untuk
menubuhkan Republik Sabah North Borneo, muncul sebagai satu tindak balas yang
wajar. Rakyat Sabah telah lama mempersoalkan kesahan MA63, dengan menekankan
bahawa kekurangan representasi tempatan dan penumpuan kuasa di Kuala Lumpur
adalah bukti bahawa hak mereka untuk menentukan nasib sendiri telah dikompromi
sejak dari awal.
Pergerakan Republik Sabah North
Borneo bertujuan untuk membetulkan ketidakadilan sejarah ini, dengan berhujah
bahawa penyertaan Sabah dalam Malaysia tidak mengikut piawaian penentuan nasib
sendiri yang ditetapkan oleh undang-undang antarabangsa. Hasrat untuk
menubuhkan sebuah republik merdeka bukan sekadar aspirasi politik semasa; ia
berakar pada ketidakadilan sejarah bahawa MA63 tidak dirunding atau
dilaksanakan dengan cara yang benar-benar menghormati kehendak rakyat Sabah.
Resolusi PBB Sebagai Asas
untuk Penentuan Nasib Sendiri
Seruan untuk kemerdekaan Sabah
juga disokong oleh Resolusi 1514 dan 1541 PBB, yang menekankan bahawa hak untuk
menentukan nasib sendiri tidak boleh dikompromi atau diatasi demi kesenangan
pentadbiran. Memandangkan MA63 ditandatangani oleh pegawai kolonial tanpa input
langsung daripada rakyat Sabah, ia melanggar prinsip-prinsip yang ditetapkan
dalam resolusi ini. Pergerakan kemerdekaan Sabah, oleh itu, dibingkai bukan
sahaja sebagai pilihan politik tetapi sebagai usaha untuk menunaikan hak untuk
menentukan nasib sendiri yang asalnya dinafikan di bawah MA63.
Tambahan pula, penerapan
undang-undang antarabangsa menyokong kedudukan Sabah bahawa ia mempunyai asas
yang sah untuk menilai semula dan mentakrifkan status politiknya. Oleh kerana
persekutuan asal diasaskan atas representasi yang dipersoalkan, Sabah mempunyai
asas yang munasabah untuk menuntut mandat baharu—kali ini benar-benar
mencerminkan kehendak rakyat melalui cara demokratik.
Langkah Ke Hadapan: Legasi
MA63 dan Perjuangan untuk Penentuan Nasib Sendiri
Legasi MA63 kekal sebagai isu
yang memecahbelahkan di Sabah dan Sarawak. Walaupun perjanjian itu seolah-olah
mewujudkan sebuah Malaysia bersatu, kekurangan penyertaan demokratik dan
representasi yang sama rata telah meninggalkan kesan yang mendalam kepada
rakyat di wilayah-wilayah ini. Bagi ramai rakyat Sabah, MA63 mewakili peluang
yang terlepas untuk penentuan nasib sendiri, sekaligus menimbulkan keraguan
terhadap kesahihan Malaysia sebagai persekutuan yang sama rata.
Pergerakan untuk Republik Sabah
North Borneo, yang berakar dalam konteks sejarah ini, bertujuan untuk akhirnya
memenuhi janji penentuan nasib sendiri yang dinafikan oleh MA63. Ia adalah satu
pernyataan bahawa masa depan politik Sabah harus diputuskan oleh rakyatnya
sendiri, bebas daripada batasan sejarah yang dikenakan oleh kuasa kolonial dan
kawalan berpusat kerajaan persekutuan. Dalam perjuangan ini, rakyat Sabah
merujuk kepada prinsip penentuan nasib sendiri yang ditetapkan oleh
undang-undang antarabangsa, dengan berhujah bahawa perjanjian asal gagal
menghormati prinsip-prinsip ini dan bahawa sudah tiba masanya untuk menubuhkan
sebuah Sabah yang berdaulat dan merdeka.
Kesimpulan
Perjanjian Malaysia 1963, dengan ketidakteraturan prosedur dan kekurangan representasi yang tulen bagi Borneo Utara dan Sarawak, menimbulkan persoalan yang ketara mengenai kesahihannya di bawah undang-undang antarabangsa. Dengan mengetepikan mandat demokratik penduduk tempatan, MA63 melanggar prinsip-prinsip yang ditetapkan oleh Resolusi 1514 dan 1541 PBB, yang menekankan penentuan nasib sendiri sebagai hak asas bagi semua rakyat kolonial.
Pergerakan untuk Republik Sabah
North Borneo, oleh itu, bukan sekadar aspirasi politik tetapi satu perjuangan
sah yang berakar pada hak untuk menentukan nasib sendiri. Dengan mencabar terma
dan syarat asal MA63, rakyat Sabah berusaha untuk membetulkan ketidakadilan
sejarah dan membentuk masa depan yang benar-benar mencerminkan aspirasi mereka.
Dalam konteks undang-undang antarabangsa dan preseden sejarah, perjuangan Sabah
untuk kemerdekaan berdiri sebagai tindak balas yang wajar terhadap legasi
kawalan kolonial dan neo-kolonial yang diwakili oleh MA63.
With these considerations,
Sabah’s ongoing struggle to separate from Malaysia and establish an independent
Republic of Sabah North Borneo finds a strong basis in the historical and legal
context. The path to Sabah’s inclusion in Malaysia was fraught with procedural
irregularities and questionable representation, fueling the movement for
self-determination and independence in modern times.
Legal Capacity and
Representation: The British Colonial Influence
The signatories of MA63 for North
Borneo and Sarawak were W.K.H. Jones, Attorney General of North Borneo, and
P.E.H. Pike, Attorney General of Sarawak. As chief legal officers, both were
British-appointed officials, representing British colonial interests rather
than the indigenous aspirations of the people of these territories. Their
positions granted them the authority to sign the agreement, but only within the
context of British administrative oversight—not as representatives of the will
of the local population.
This lack of local democratic
mandate is particularly significant in the light of international law. UN
General Assembly Resolutions 1514 and 1541, passed in 1960, establish the right
of all colonial territories to self-determination, emphasizing that such
decisions must reflect the genuine will of the people. However, by appointing
British colonial officials as signatories, Britain bypassed this principle,
effectively excluding North Borneo and Sarawak’s residents from a meaningful
voice in their political future.
International Law and UN
Resolutions on Self-Determination
UN General Assembly Resolution
1514 (1960)—the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial
Countries and Peoples—stipulates that the process of decolonization must honor
the right of all peoples to self-determination, free from “alien subjugation,
domination, and exploitation.” This resolution was designed to prevent
precisely the kind of top-down imposition that characterized MA63 for North
Borneo and Sarawak.
UN General Assembly Resolution
1541 (1960) further reinforces this by requiring a “genuine expression of
the will of the people” in matters of political status. According to Principle
IX of the resolution, the choice of political future for non-self-governing
territories should be made by freely elected representatives or through
democratic referendums. In the case of MA63, this principle was not upheld;
instead of elected representatives, colonial appointees signed on behalf of
North Borneo and Sarawak. The people of these territories were effectively
sidelined, with decisions about their political future made by British
officials rather than by themselves.
The failure to ensure authentic
representation and adherence to the principles of self-determination has cast a
long shadow over the legitimacy of MA63, giving rise to a sense of
disenfranchisement and disillusionment among the people of Sabah and Sarawak.
A Federation in Name Only: The
Continuation of Colonial Dynamics
Justification for the
Independence Movement: Establishing the Republic of Sabah North Borneo
In the context of these
procedural and representational flaws, the movement for Sabah’s independence,
including efforts to establish the Republic of Sabah North Borneo, emerges as a
justified response. The people of Sabah have long questioned the legitimacy of
MA63, pointing to the lack of local representation and the centralization of
power in Kuala Lumpur as evidence that their right to self-determination was
compromised from the start.
The Republic of Sabah North
Borneo movement seeks to rectify this historical injustice, arguing that
Sabah’s inclusion in Malaysia did not follow the standards of
self-determination set by international law. The desire to establish an
independent republic is not simply a contemporary political aspiration; it is
rooted in a historical grievance that MA63 was neither negotiated nor executed
in a manner that genuinely respected the will of Sabah’s people.
UN Resolutions as a Foundation
for Self-Determination
The calls for Sabah’s
independence are further bolstered by UN Resolutions 1514 and 1541, which
emphasize that the right to self-determination cannot be compromised or
overridden by administrative convenience. Given that MA63 was signed by
colonial officials without direct input from Sabahans, it stands in violation
of these resolutions’ principles. Sabah’s movement for independence is
therefore framed not only as a political choice but as an attempt to fulfill
the right to self-determination that was originally denied under MA63.
Furthermore, the application of
international law supports Sabah’s position that it has a legitimate claim to
reassess and redefine its political status. Since the original federation was
founded on questionable representation, Sabah has a reasonable basis to argue
for a fresh mandate—this time genuinely reflecting the will of the people
through democratic means.
Moving Forward: The Legacy of
MA63 and the Struggle for Self-Determination
The movement for the Republic of
Sabah North Borneo, rooted in this historical context, seeks to finally fulfill
the promise of self-determination denied by MA63. It is an assertion that
Sabah’s political future should be decided by its own people, free from the
historical constraints imposed by colonial powers and the centralized control
of the federal government. In this struggle, Sabahans draw on international
principles of self-determination, arguing that the original agreement failed to
honor these principles and that the time has come to establish a sovereign,
independent Sabah.
Conclusion
The Malaysia Agreement 1963, with its procedural irregularities and lack of genuine representation for North Borneo and Sarawak, raises significant questions about its legitimacy under international law. In bypassing the democratic mandate of the local population, MA63 contravened the principles set forth by UN Resolutions 1514 and 1541, which emphasize self-determination as a fundamental right of all colonial peoples.
The movement for the Republic of Sabah North Borneo, therefore, is not merely a political aspiration but a legitimate struggle rooted in the right to self-determination. By challenging the original terms and conditions of MA63, Sabahans are seeking to correct a historical injustice and establish a future that truly reflects the aspirations of their people. In the context of international law and historical precedent, Sabah’s quest for independence stands as a justified response to the legacy of colonial and neo-colonial control that MA63 represents.
The Pivotal Players and Unequal Representation
This lack of elected representation for North Borneo and Sarawak raises questions about whether the people of these territories had any true say in the process. The involvement of colonial appointees, rather than locally elected representatives, hints at a paternalistic approach by Britain, which prioritized a quick handover to Malaya over genuine consultation with the people. This dynamic has led many to question the democratic legitimacy of MA63, suggesting that it may have served British and Malayan interests more than those of Sabah and Sarawak.
A Bilateral Agreement in All but Name
An excerpt from Deals, Dayaks & Datus by Michael Leigh highlights a critical perspective: MA63 was, in essence, a bilateral agreement between Britain and Malaya. As per the notes of the Sarawak Attorney General, Sarawak and North Borneo were “not parties to the formal agreement,” but were included largely for “presentational purposes.” This distinction is crucial. Although the agreement was presented as a pact among equals, it appears that Britain’s primary objective was to transfer its colonial authority over North Borneo and Sarawak to Malaya, ensuring continuity of control in the region.
This arrangement gave Malaya significant control over the new federation, a structure that some view as “neo-colonialism.” By formally transferring power to Malaya, Britain effectively ensured that its former territories would remain under the influence of a friendly and aligned government, rather than granting true autonomy to the people of Sabah and Sarawak. This arrangement challenges the narrative of a genuine federation and suggests that MA63 was designed with the continuation of colonial power structures in mind.
The Cobbold Commission and the Inter-Governmental Committee
The Cobbold Commission, established in 1962, was tasked with gauging public opinion in North Borneo and Sarawak regarding the proposed formation of Malaysia. While the commission reported a mixed reception—some in favor, others opposed—it ultimately recommended moving forward with the formation, provided that specific safeguards were implemented to protect the rights and autonomy of Sabah and Sarawak within the federation.
Following this, the Inter-Governmental Committee (IGC), chaired by Lord Lansdowne, outlined these safeguards, which were meant to ensure that Sabah and Sarawak retained control over key areas, including immigration, religion, and land. However, the actual text of MA63, signed on July 9, 1963, was strikingly brief, covering just four pages and 11 annexes. The promised safeguards were minimal, leading many in Sabah and Sarawak to feel that they were not granted the protections and autonomy they were assured.
The involvement of high-level British and Malayan officials in the IGC, including future Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister Abdul Razak, further underscores the power dynamics at play. The voices of local leaders were minimal, and the final recommendations reflect a top-down approach, one that arguably prioritized stability and British-Malayan interests over a truly representative federal structure.
Continuation of Colonial Dynamics under a New Name?
Critics of MA63 argue that rather than establishing a new federation, the agreement simply replaced British colonial rule with Malayan dominance. In this view, “Malaysia” was not a fresh start, but a rebranding of Malaya to incorporate new territories without granting them equal status. The central role played by Tunku Abdul Rahman and Malayan officials in negotiating and implementing MA63 reinforces the impression that the federation was Malaya-led, with Sabah and Sarawak treated as junior partners.
This perception is supported by the use of the Malayan flag as the new Malaysian flag, as well as the adoption of Malayan laws, systems, and policies across the new federation. While MA63 included provisions to protect Sabah and Sarawak’s unique identities, many argue that these safeguards were subsequently eroded, leading to a sense of marginalization and disenfranchisement among Sabahans and Sarawakians.
The Legacy of MA63 and Calls for Reassessment
Today, MA63 remains a contentious issue. Many in Sabah and Sarawak believe that the agreement failed to deliver on its promises of autonomy and equal partnership. Over the years, calls for greater autonomy, and in some cases, independence, have grown louder, fueled by a sense that the rights and identities of Sabah and Sarawak have been overshadowed by a Malaya-centric federal structure.
The inclusion of colonial officials as signatories, rather than democratically elected representatives, continues to cast doubt on the legitimacy of the agreement. Nationalist groups in Sabah and Sarawak argue that MA63 was an instrument of neo-colonialism, designed to maintain control over the territories rather than grant them genuine self-determination.
Conclusion: A Federation in Name, or a Colonial Legacy?
As Sabah and Sarawak continue to reassess their roles within Malaysia, the legacy of MA63 remains a focal point. For many, it is a reminder of promises unfulfilled and autonomy undermined—a colonial legacy that persists under a new flag. The questions surrounding MA63 are unlikely to disappear, as Sabahans and Sarawakians seek a future that honors their rights, identities, and aspirations in ways the original agreement failed to deliver.
Purpose and Long-Term Vision
The document expresses a clear goal: to gain full independence for Sabah, free from what it describes as the “colonial control” exerted by Malaya since the formation of Malaysia in 1963. According to the RSNB, this movement is anchored in principles of self-determination, justice, and freedom. The organization aims to build a united front within Sabah, generate broad public support, and seek international recognition for its cause.
Mosses PA Ampang emphasizes that this initiative is not merely a reactionary movement but a carefully planned, diplomatic campaign for autonomy. The roadmap envisions a resilient and inclusive republic that reflects Sabah’s unique cultural heritage and diverse ethnic composition. RSNB’s ultimate goal is a peaceful referendum on independence, anticipated within the next decade.
Phase One: Building Awareness and National Identity (2024-2026)
Phase One of the RSNB’s strategy centers on two primary objectives: raising awareness and fostering a cohesive national identity. To achieve this, RSNB plans to initiate a series of workshops, webinars, and public forums aimed at educating both local and international audiences on Sabah’s right to self-determination. These events will focus on historical narratives, legal precedents, and the perceived failures of the Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63), which RSNB claims was flawed and did not adequately represent the interests of the people of Sabah and Sarawak.
The RSNB also aims to strengthen the sense of unity among Sabah’s diverse ethnic communities under a single national identity termed “Bangsa Negara Sabah.” This term symbolizes the collective identity of Sabahans, which RSNB hopes will bridge ethnic and cultural divides and consolidate support for independence.
Emphasis on Historical and Legal Justifications
A key component of the strategy document is the emphasis on the historical and legal basis for Sabah’s independence. RSNB points to United Nations documents and principles of international law, including self-determination, as foundational to its claim. The organization asserts that Sabah’s original status as a distinct entity under British rule, prior to the formation of Malaysia, supports its bid for autonomy. RSNB has drawn on British colonial records to substantiate the argument that the inclusion of Sabah in Malaysia was not an act of voluntary union but rather a forced integration.
The movement underscores that independence is not merely a political stance but a right deeply rooted in Sabah’s unique history and identity. RSNB’s educational campaigns will highlight these historical issues, aiming to clarify the narrative around MA63 and expose what they perceive as 61 years of “colonial-like control” by the central government in Kuala Lumpur.
Pathway to a Peaceful and Democratic Referendum
While the document does not specify a date, RSNB’s roadmap envisions a democratic referendum on independence within the 10-year timeline. Mosses PA Ampang and his team advocate for a non-violent and democratic process, asserting that self-determination is a right that must be pursued responsibly and peacefully. By preparing the public and building international support, RSNB hopes to lay the groundwork for a smooth transition to independence, should the referendum pass.
The group is keen on avoiding abrupt or disruptive changes, instead emphasizing the need for a stable and sustainable governance model. RSNB’s vision includes establishing local governance structures, economic systems, and a strong civic foundation to support an independent Sabah.
Conclusion of Phase One
Phase One serves as a critical foundation for RSNB’s overall strategy. By prioritizing awareness and identity-building, RSNB seeks to unify the people of Sabah under a shared vision of independence. The success of this phase, according to Mosses PA Ampang, will be pivotal in mobilizing widespread support for the independence movement and creating momentum for future phases of the campaign.
“This journey is about awakening the people of Sabah to their history, their rights, and their future,” Mosses PA Ampang stated. “The ceremonial lowering of the Malaysian flag and the raising of the Sabah and Sarawak flags symbolizes the end of Malayan colonialism. We must unite and stand for our right to be free. Our path is clear, and we will continue this fight until we achieve true independence.”
Looking Forward
The RSNB has set an ambitious timeline, with each phase of its strategy aiming to build on the achievements of the previous steps. If successful, RSNB’s vision will culminate in a peaceful, democratic Sabah Republic, marking the end of what they see as “colonial-like control” by Malaya. For Mosses PA Ampang and his supporters, this is not just a political mission; it is a movement driven by a deep-seated desire for justice, dignity, and sovereignty for the people of Sabah.
The journey may be long, but with this structured roadmap, RSNB hopes to bring Sabah closer to realizing its dream of self-governance and independence.
Tujuan dan Visi Jangka Panjang
Dokumen ini menyatakan matlamat yang jelas: memperoleh kemerdekaan penuh untuk Sabah, bebas daripada apa yang disifatkan sebagai “kawalan kolonial” yang dikenakan oleh Malaya sejak 'pembentukan Malaysia' pada tahun 1963. Menurut RSNB, gerakan ini berakar umbi dalam prinsip penentuan nasib sendiri, keadilan, dan kebebasan. Organisasi ini berhasrat untuk membina perpaduan dalam kalangan rakyat Sabah, mewujudkan sokongan awam yang luas, dan mendapatkan pengiktirafan antarabangsa bagi perjuangannya.
Mosses PA Ampang menekankan bahawa inisiatif ini bukan sekadar gerakan reaktif tetapi satu kempen diplomatik yang dirancang dengan teliti untuk mencapai autonomi. Pelan tindakan ini membayangkan sebuah republik yang berdaya tahan dan inklusif, yang mencerminkan warisan budaya Sabah yang unik serta komposisi etnik yang pelbagai. Matlamat akhir RSNB adalah referendum aman mengenai kemerdekaan, yang dijangka dalam dekad akan datang.
Fasa Pertama: Membangunkan Kesedaran dan Identiti Nasional (2024-2026)
Fasa Pertama strategi RSNB berpusat pada dua objektif utama: meningkatkan kesedaran dan memupuk identiti nasional yang kohesif. Untuk mencapai matlamat ini, RSNB merancang untuk mengadakan siri bengkel, webinar, dan forum awam bagi mendidik kedua-dua khalayak tempatan dan antarabangsa mengenai hak Sabah untuk menentukan nasib sendiri. Acara-acara ini akan menumpukan pada naratif sejarah, preseden undang-undang, dan kegagalan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 (MA63) yang dianggap oleh RSNB sebagai mempunyai kecacatan dan tidak mewakili kepentingan rakyat Sabah dan Sarawak secara adil.
RSNB juga bertujuan untuk memperkukuh rasa perpaduan dalam kalangan komuniti etnik Sabah di bawah satu identiti nasional yang digelar “Bangsa Negara Sabah.” Istilah ini melambangkan identiti kolektif rakyat Sabah yang diyakini oleh RSNB dapat merapatkan jurang etnik dan budaya serta mengukuhkan sokongan bagi kemerdekaan.
Penekanan pada Justifikasi Sejarah dan Undang-Undang
Komponen penting dalam dokumen strategi ini ialah penekanan terhadap asas sejarah dan undang-undang bagi kemerdekaan Sabah. RSNB merujuk kepada dokumen-dokumen Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu dan prinsip-prinsip undang-undang antarabangsa, termasuk penentuan nasib sendiri, sebagai asas bagi tuntutannya. Organisasi ini menegaskan bahawa status asal Sabah sebagai entiti yang berasingan di bawah pemerintahan British, sebelum 'pembentukan Malaysia', menyokong usahanya untuk mendapatkan autonomi. RSNB menggunakan rekod-rekod kolonial British untuk menyokong hujah bahawa 'penyertaan' Sabah dalam Malaysia bukanlah satu tindakan penyatuan sukarela, tetapi sebaliknya 'penggabungan' paksa atau dalam erti kata lain, satu penjajahan.
Gerakan ini menegaskan bahawa kemerdekaan bukanlah sekadar pendirian politik tetapi hak yang berakar dalam sejarah dan identiti unik Sabah. Kempen pendidikan RSNB akan mengetengahkan isu-isu sejarah ini, dengan tujuan menjelaskan naratif mengenai MA63 dan mendedahkan apa yang mereka anggap sebagai 61 tahun “kawalan kolonial” oleh kerajaan pusat di Kuala Lumpur.
Laluan ke Arah Referendum Aman dan Demokratik
Walaupun dokumen tersebut tidak menyatakan tarikh tertentu, pelan tindakan RSNB membayangkan satu referendum demokratik mengenai kemerdekaan dalam tempoh 10 tahun. Mosses PA Ampang dan pasukannya memperjuangkan proses yang aman dan demokratik, menegaskan bahawa penentuan nasib sendiri adalah hak yang mesti diperjuangkan dengan bertanggungjawab dan aman. Dengan menyediakan rakyat dan membina sokongan antarabangsa, RSNB berharap dapat menyediakan asas bagi peralihan yang lancar kepada kemerdekaan, jika referendum berjaya.
Kumpulan ini berusaha untuk mengelakkan perubahan yang tergesa-gesa atau mengganggu, sebaliknya menekankan keperluan untuk model pemerintahan yang stabil dan lestari. Visi RSNB termasuk penubuhan struktur pemerintahan tempatan, sistem ekonomi, dan asas kewarganegaraan yang kukuh untuk menyokong Sabah yang merdeka.
Kesimpulan Fasa Pertama
Fasa Pertama merupakan asas kritikal bagi keseluruhan strategi RSNB. Dengan mengutamakan kesedaran dan pembinaan identiti, RSNB berusaha untuk menyatukan rakyat Sabah di bawah visi kemerdekaan yang dikongsi bersama. Kejayaan fasa ini, menurut Mosses PA Ampang, akan menjadi penentu dalam menggerakkan sokongan yang meluas untuk gerakan kemerdekaan dan mencipta momentum untuk fasa-fasa kempen yang seterusnya.
“Perjalanan ini adalah tentang membangkitkan kesedaran rakyat Negara Sabah mengenai sejarah mereka, hak mereka, dan masa depan mereka,” kata Mosses PA Ampang. “Upacara menurunkan bendera Malaysia dan menaikkan bendera Negara Sabah dan Negara Sarawak melambangkan berakhirnya kolonialisme Malaya. Kita mesti bersatu dan berdiri teguh untuk memperjuangkan hak kita untuk bebas. Jalan kita jelas, dan kita akan terus berjuang sehingga mencapai kemerdekaan sejati.”
Masa Depan Pergerakan
RSNB telah menetapkan garis masa yang bercita-cita tinggi, dengan setiap fasa strateginya bertujuan untuk membina kejayaan daripada langkah sebelumnya. Sekiranya berjaya, visi RSNB akan berakhir dengan penubuhan Republik Sabah yang merdeka secara aman dan demokratik, menandakan berakhirnya apa yang mereka anggap sebagai “kawalan kolonial” oleh Malaya. Bagi Mosses PA Ampang dan penyokongnya, ini bukan sekadar misi politik; ia adalah gerakan yang didorong oleh keinginan mendalam untuk keadilan, maruah, dan kedaulatan bagi rakyat Sabah.
Perjalanan ini mungkin panjang, tetapi dengan pelan tindakan yang teratur ini, RSNB yakin untuk membawa Sabah lebih dekat ke arah merealisasikan impian untuk pemerintahan sendiri dan kemerdekaan.